Mount Galunggung
Overview
Tasikmalaya, West Java
7.25°S
108.058°E
2168 m
7113 ft
Composite (Stratovolcano)
1984 CE
Literature and Analysis
1984 Jan 9 – 1984 Jan 31
| Date | Event Type | Fatalities | VEI | Event Remarks | Reference |
| 1984 Jan | Phreactic Activity, Ash | 1 | [1] |
1982 Apr 5 – 1983 Jan 8
| Date | Event Type | Fatalities | VEI | Event Remarks | Reference |
| 1982 Apr – Jun | Explosion, Ash, Pyrocrastic Flows, Eruption Cloud, Lava flow, Lapili, Lahar or Mudflow | 2 (5 Apr) 8 (8 Apr). | ~4 | Eruption cloud 50 km diameter and drift 250 km to N, and light ash fall on Bandung, pyrocrastic flow reached 1 km with plume reached 6 km(5 Apr 1982). Mud flow in SE flank for 11 km, Pyrocrastic traveled SE flank for 5 km and plume 7 km high (8-9 Apr 1982). Pyrocrastic 2,5 km with plume 5 km high (25 Apr). Pyrocrastic flow 5-6 km with plume 10 km high (May 6). Ash eruption consist Bombs falling up to 10 km from the vent (17-18 May). 8-18 cm of ash and lapilli on villages 7-10 km W of the volcano, (24-27 June). | [1][2][3] |
| 1982 Jul | Explosion, Ash, Pyrocrastic Flows, Eruption Cloud, Lava flow, Lapili, Lahar or Mudflow | 10 (16 Jul) | ~4 | ash had fallen in Tasikmalaya, eruption column rose to 3-4 km. Six hot avalanches had traveled SE (14 Jul). Pyrocrastic Flow travel 3 km and light ash fall as jakarta with plume height 10-16 km (13-17 Jul) Eruption plumes extending S and W were noted on GMS images 28, 29, 30, and 31 July, and 1 August. Plume extending 800-900 km SSW, tephra fell in garut (29 Jul) | [1][2] |
| 1982 Aug | Explosion, Ash, Pyrocrastic Flows, Eruption Cloud, Lava flow, Lapili, Lahar or Mudflow | ~4 | eruption plumes extending SW on 7, 9, 11, and 13 August. Plume heigh 4 km (5-7 Aug) and 10 km (9-13 Aug) plume extended about 110 km S, then 110 km W (14 Aug). Plume height 8-16 (14-16 Aug). Plume height 15 km with pyrocrastic flow 2 km (26-31 Aug). Plume height 5-7 km (2-4 Sep). Plume height 6-10 km (15-21 Sep). Plume height 8 km (24 Aug). Ash fell around the volcano and small ash plume moving SE with plume height 9 km(14 Oct). plume height 9 km (18 Oct). plume height 4 km (28 Oct). Small plume drifted to SSE with plume height 3,5 km (4 Nov). plume height 7 km (7-19 Nov). plume height 5 km (25 Nov). Ash and Incandescent Material ejected, ash blown to garut and lahars were flowing down two river valleys. (3 Dec). Ash column rose to ~3-5 km in Nov and Dec, 2 km n in Jan. | [1][2] |
1918 Jul 17 – 1918 Jul 30
| Date | Event Type | Fatalities | VEI | Event Remarks | Reference |
| 1918 Jul | Explosion Ash, Lava Dome | 1 | Lava dome emerged above the crater lake and reached a volume of 8,5 million km3 | [1][2][3] |
1894 Oct 17 – 1894 Dec
| Date | Event Type | Fatalities | VEI | Event Remarks | Reference |
| 1894 Oct -Dec | Explosion, Pyrocrastic Flow, Lahar or Mudflow | 3 | Lava flow destroyed village around the Volcano. Incandescent Material Ejected and destroyed 1822 dome | [1][2][3][4] |
1822 Oct 8 – 1822 Dec 1
| Date | Event Type | Fatalities | VEI | Event Remarks | Reference |
| 1822 Oct -Dec | Explosion, Ash, Pyrocrastic Flows, Avalanche, Lahar or Mudflow, Lava dome | 4000 [2] [3] 4011 [4] | 5 | Pyrocrastic Flow to Citanduy River for 16 km. Ash fall covered E area of West Java. Glowing Avalanches reached a distance of 15 km. Ejected 1 km3 of tephra | [1][2][3][4][5] |
2250 BCE ± 150 years
| Date | Event Type | Fatalities | VEI | Event Remarks | Reference |
| 2250 BCE ± 150 years | Explosion, Ash, Pyrocrastic Flows, Avalanche, Bombs, Blocks, Lahar or Mudflow | 5(?) | Related Debris-Avalanche deposits cover about 175 km2 | [1][2] |
[1] volcano.si.edu
[2] Gourgaud, A., Thouret, J. C., & Bourdier, J. L. (2000). Stratigraphy and textural characteristics of the 1982–83 tephra of Galunggung volcano (Indonesia): implications for volcanic hazards. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 104(1-4), 169-186.
[3] De Hoog, J. C. M., Koetsier, G. W., Bronto, S., Sriwana, T., & Van Bergen, M. J. (2001). Sulfur and chlorine degassing from primitive arc magmas: temporal changes during the 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung (West Java, Indonesia). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 108(1-4), 55-83.
[4] Ariwibowo, G. A. (2017). Penanganan bencana letusan gunung galunggung pada tahun 1982-1983. Patra Widya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya., 18(2), 173-188.
[5] Dalin, P., Pertsev, N., & Romejko, V. (2012). Notes on historical aspects on the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds. History of Geo-and Space Sciences, 3(1), 87-97.