Tephra is unconsolidated falling pyroclastic material produced by volcanic eruptions. Tephra consists of a variety of materials that are generally volcanic glass (glass) formed by the cooling of magma ‘droplets’, vesicular, solid or flake-like in nature, and various proportions of crystalline and mineral components derived from volcanoes and magma kitchen walls. As the particles fall to the surface by wind and gravitational forces, tephra forms a layer of unconsolidated and generally layered material (ESDM, 2021).